John Marsdens novel Tomorrow when the War Began e Essays - Fiction

John Marsden's novel Tomorrow when the War Began explores the important ideas of change, leadership and morality of war as a group of australian teens return back from their camping trip only to find that their country has been invaded by a foreign army. The idea of leadership is spread throughout the novel, especially in relation with Ellie, a major character and narrator of the novel. Ellie's leadership qualities include being outspoken, courageous and confident. She shows these qualities when she originally plans the group trip to Hell. She also has the ability to work well under pressure as shown in the lawnmower incident where she saved herself and her friends by killing 3 enemy soldiers with a lawnmower. Ellie claims that "It was the first moment [she] realised what true courage was." Leadership is an important idea in the novel because without effective leadership, the group would have known little about the invasion and they would've struggled to survive. Another important idea in the novel is change when the group are quickly faced with the fact their country has been invaded. This forced the group to quickly mature. The character that underwent the most change is Homer Yannos as he went from an immature and irresponsible troublemaker to a responsible and mature leader the group can count on. Homer shows this change when he plans the bridge explosion when his quick thinking and leadership destroyed the enemy's main supply route. Ellie talks about Homer when she says "It was hard to remember this fast thinking guy, who spent fifteen minutes getting us laughing and talking again, wasn't even trusted to hand out books at school." Homer's change is very important to the group's survival as an immature and irresponsible troublemaker would've put the group in danger and made them more vulnerable. The morality of war is another important idea in the novel as it changes the group's perspective on life and makes them value their own life more that the enemy's life. A character that shows this idea is Ellie. After killing 3 enemy soldiers with a lawnmower she is constantly getting haunted with guilt. She is unsure whether to be happy that she saved her friends, or feel guilty as she killed three enemy soldiers. Ellie explains that "[she] doesn't feel like a criminal, but [she] doesn't feel like a hero either." In conclusion the ideas of leadership, change and the morality of war are important to the novel as they show emotional and physical change among the group. These ideas allow the group to think differently and understand the situation they are in. These ideas make the group inflict as much damage on the enemies as they can, in hopes of taking their country and their families back.

How Guide Books Help Construct The Tourist Gaze Tourism Essay Example

How Guide Books Help Construct The Tourist Gaze Tourism Essay Example How Guide Books Help Construct The Tourist Gaze Tourism Essay How Guide Books Help Construct The Tourist Gaze Tourism Essay How guide books help to build the tourer regard and restrain the manner tourers see the metropolis. If you truly desire your life to go through like a film in forepart of you, merely travel, you can bury your life. Andy Warhol ( 1975 ) . Tourism is an of import facet in 21st century life as it represents a type of escape an single can see to add spontaneousness in one s everyday modus operandi. With mass globalisation presenting as an ever-growing epidemic, most tourist musca volitanss are extremely advertised in the media making what has been known as the tourer regard . The tourer regard is summarized really neatly by John Urry ( 1990 ) , as the procedure when topographic points are chosen to be gazed upon because there is an expectancy, particularly through reverie and phantasy, of intense pleasances, either on a different graduated table or affecting different senses from those customarily encountered. Such expectancy is constructed and sustained through a assortment of non-tourist patterns, such as movie, Television, literature, magazines, records and pictures, which concept and reinforce that regard This paper will try to research the different factors of how guidebooks in peculiar aid to build the tourer regard and besides how it may restrict the experience one would hold of the metropolis. Urry ( 1990 ) introduces a broad assortment of subjects of which will be closely examined in the procedure of this essay. To be specific to the inquiry the analysis will be closely related to how guide books and hence, literature every bit good as m agazines , evoke the different senses that help in transfusing the tourer regard peculiarly in modern-day London. The tourer experience is really closely mediated by sight, and by the patterns of representation that are portion and package of travel ( Crang, 1997 ) . The metropolis of London represents a part full of history, civilization, reliable architecture and modern wonders all of which can easy be attractively captured as a still image and has been greatly advertised in travel ushers. london_mix001.jpg Figure 1: Introductory word picture of multiple facets in London. The Informative Traveler s Guide To London introduced the metropolis of London by agencies of an image, Figure 1. Spots to see are chosen because of their value as photographic landmarks. A walk through a metropolis or instead touristry in general becomes in consequence a hunt for the photogenic. ( Kubalek, 2008 ) Photography is a powerful agencies of arousing one s senses. Figure 1 depicts history, civilization, and architecture every bit good as conveys a sense of nationalism all in one efficaciously edited shooting. The tourer regard is created as the spectator, most likely foreign to the British civilization, is thrust into such an alien universe mentally without even holding cross the lodger. Tourism is frequently about the body-as-seen, exposing, executing and scoring visitants with accomplishment, appeal, strength, gender and so on. ( Urry, 2001 ) Clearly apparent in Figure 1 is a word picture of a British guard in the iconic uniform, which forces the on-looker to visualize the ceremonial of the changing of the guards. The Changing the Guard at Buckingham Palace is a comprehensive usher book that entails history of the ceremonial every bit good as dissects the facts from the different ranks of the soldiers to the elaboratenesss of his uniform. This illustration affect what MacCannell ( 1992, 1999 ) calls a reconstructed ethnicity every bit good as a staged genuineness clearly because this ceremonial is a major tourer attractive force for visitants likewise. Not merely will they see an act of British patriotism but besides catch a glance of a national landmark, Buckingham Palace. National histories tell a narrative, of a people go throughing through history, a nar rative frequently get downing in the mists of clip ( Bhabha, 1990 ) Included in the aforesaid usher book is a list of topographic points of attractive force within a close locality to Buckingham Palace, Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Piccadilly Circus, St James Palace, 10 Downing Street, The Thames, Trafalgar Square and even Hard Rock Cafe, to call merely a few of the great London sights that are a rocks throw from Buckingham Palace! ( Changing of the Guard, 1990 ) This is an illustration in how the tourer regard can present as a restraint to the visitant s experience of the metropolis. Part of the motivation for going is to see the exposure on site, in the existent ( Dyer, 1995 ) . The book subconsciously guides the tourer and hence his/her autonomy to research the land is controlled. union-jack-333.jpg Figure 2: The 2012 Olympic Games logo International events, premised upon mass touristry and cosmopolitanism, means that national individuality is progressively conceived of in footings of a location within, and on, a planetary phase. ( Urry, 2001 ) . Visit Britain 2012 is synonymous with images such as that depicted in figure 2 and extremely advertised with articles associating to the extremely awaited 2012 Olympic games. The visit London 2012 home page opens with a description of the Olympic Park, The London 2012 Games are the accelerator for transforming 2.5sq kilometer of land in east London. What was one time industrial, contaminated land has been quickly transformed over the past three years. . Rochee ( 2000 ) describes these countries as holding the power to transform themselves from being everyday placesaˆÂ ¦ into being there particular host metropolis sites that come to busy a distinguishable niche within planetary touristry. The Reconstruction of what was one time an industrial country into what i s portrayed as a topographic point of involvement is another manner tourer organisations create the tourer regard, by emphasizing this in tourer manuals they represent the tool that conveys the message. Liberated from the real-world loads of shops and merchandise fabrication, trade names are free to surge, less as the airing of goods and services than as corporate hallucinations ( Klein, 2000: 22 ) Merchandise advertisement is apparent in many travel magazines ; one trade name in peculiar that is greatly linked to touristry is the Rimmel franchise. Get the London expression! Rimmel claims to be reliable, experimental, merriment, accessible to all and uniquely British , offering value for money, with a elan of London glamor . ( Rimmel London ) By engaging American endowment such as histrion, Zooey Deschanel every bit good as instrumentalist, Solange Knowles, they represent trade name embassadors who in bend aid in the creative activity of the tourer regard particularly since the advertisement has them set in really stereotyped London scenarios, making once more an idealised and stereotyped representations of the topographic point we are sing ( Martwick, 2001 ) Young blue bloods took Grand Tours in the seventeenth century chiefly for educational grounds, but merely since the 1840s did go start to be of greater involvement for a wider portion of European society. ( Kubalek, 2008 ) History plays an of import portion of touristry in general as Roche ( 2000 ) explains with the illustration of the 1851 Great Exhibition at London s Crystal Palace, the first-ever national tourer event. Although the British population was merely 18m, 6m visits were made to the Exhibition, many utilizing the new railroads to see the national capital for the first clip. Timeout London. The best of London ( 2010 ) , has a comprehensive show of the different museums and attractive forces of which claim to keep great historical and cultural significance to the state. Particularly of import in the family tree of patriotism have besides been the initiation of national museums and the development of national creative persons, designers, instrumentalists, dramatists, novelists, historiographers and archeologists ( McCrone, 1998 ; Kirshenblatt-Giblett, 1998 ) Besides extremely publicized in the usher book mentioned earlier is the of all time so popular, London Eye observation wheel. The static signifiers of the tourer regard, such as that from the balcony vantage point , focuses on the planar form, colorss and inside informations of the position that is laid out before one and can be moved around with one s eyes ( Pratt, 1992: 222 ) On the wheel the spectator is able to detect London s other landmarks, for case the Houses of Parliament, St Paul s Cathedral even The Gherkin . In a sense it gives the spectator the feeling of holding some sort of an overview of the metropolis he/she has traveled to ( Kubalek, 2008 ) . Although this feeling may be rather rewarding Osborne ( 2000 ) explains that the tourer neer rather arrives, neer wholly connects. The significance of other sights interrupts each sight. Every sight signifies all other sights, most still missing our visit. Kubalek ( 2008 ) gives an illustration to the old quotation mar k by presenting the Southbank, which is the phase for street performing artists. Bing right following to the wheel does the inactive image of watching the position from the wheel contrast to the more synergistic experience of walking down the iconic Southbank? Similarly the position through the auto windshield ( like the position from one of the revolving glass cods ) has besides had important effects for the nature of the ocular glance , enabling the materiality of the metropolis or the landscape to be clearly appreciated ( Larsen, 2001 ) The touristic experience reflects, magnifies and distils mundane life, it infuses the mundane, and frailty versa, in relation to the development and maintaining of an person s societal individualities. ( McCabe, S. , 2002 ) Consumer psychological science, geographics and concern direction surveies are indispensable in the planning of touristry. It is an knowing drama by tourer organisations, to do the individual believe that their vacation is made by pick, when vacation bundles have been planned with great elaborateness to profit the state s economic system. Urry ( 1990 ) has found that leisure travel is motivated by a desire to get away ordinary, normal life. The meaningful experiences through travel ( MacCannell, 1976 ) is garnered by a carefully planned secret plan that guides the tourer in inquiry on a journey that may look to be of great spontaneousness, but is in existent fact carefully planned by greater powers and hence there is clear restraint to the true experience that the tourer brushs. In decision, there are many ways tourist guide books create the tourer regard, be it in ways that may non be apparently evident. It is an elaborately planned matter of which tourer companies greatly weigh the economic facets with the environmental every bit good as the political as so to bring forth an experience that will make a symbiotic relationship between the visitant, the locals every bit good as the environment. In order to accomplish this, as I have explained in the procedure if this paper, there are evident restraints that is embedded psychologically in the heads of the tourer by the manner the usher book is presented. They are cumulatively lead to topographic points of involvement of which due to careful planning will come to profit the country economically, socially and sustainably. Tourism is a game, or instead a whole series of games with multiple texts and no individual, reliable experience ( Urry, 1990 ) Entire words: 1720 words

Analysing the economic relationship between households and firms

Analysing the economic relationship between households and firms The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models. The term refers to all individuals who live in the same dwelling. In economics, a household is a person or a group of people living in the same residence. Household are owners of the factors of production which is includes land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship. Which are made available to firm that will pay factor incomes to the households. The firm will use the factors of production to produce output in the form of goods and services, which will purchase by the households. In buying the goods and services, households therefore incur expenditures. 2.0 Circular Flow between Firm and Households The circular flows between firms and household may therefore be represented by the following 4 flows: Flow of factor of production from household to firms Flow of incomes from firm to household Flow of output of goods and services from firm to households Flow of expenditures from household to fi rm These four flows are illustrated as appendix 1. Outer flow of incomes and expenditures are flow of money, whereas the inner flows of factors of production and outputs are flows of goods and services. According to Google 2011 the basic circular flow of income model consists of seven assumptions it include the economy consists of two households and firms sectors, households spend all of their income on goods and services or consumption. There is no saving and all output produced by firms is purchased by households through their expenditure, there is no financial, government, overseas sector. Last it is a closed economy with no exports or imports. Withdrawals occur when there are movements of funds out of the circular flow of income. 3.1 Saving (S) Households may not speed all the factors income received on current consumption, preferring to keep some for later deferred consumption. The first is the Financial Sector that consists of banks and non-bank intermediaries who engage in th e borrowing (savings from households) and lending of money. In terms of the circular flow of income model the withdrawals that financial institutions provide in the economy is the option for households to save their money. This is a withdrawal because the saved money cannot be spent in the economy and thus is an idle asset that means not all output will be purchased. 3.2 Taxation (T) The next sector introduced into the circular flow of income is the Government Sector that consists of the economic activities of local, state and federal governments. The withdrawal that the Government sector provides is through the collection of revenue through Taxes (T) that is provided by households and firms to the government. A tax is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority and is any contribution imposed by government. For example income tax is compulsory charge by the government to the people who is salary RM3000 and above for a month. 3.3 Import (M) Households may prefer to purchase goods and services from abroad instead of consuming domestically produced goods and services. In the circular flow of income model is the overseas sector which transforms the model from a closed economy to an open economy. The main withdrawal from this sector are imports (M), which represent spending by residents into the rest of the world. There are two basic types of import which is include industrial and consumer good, intermediate goods and service. For example we will import the apple for other country which is not suitable plant in our country.

Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases Essay

Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases - Essay Example The essay "Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases" talks about the effectiveness operation of Hong Kong's criminal law in murder and manslaughter cases. However, not all unlawful killings amount to the crime. The criminal suspects will not be culpable if the Actus reus and Mens rea of the two capital offenses cannot be proved. Unintentional killing or killing that can be partially or completely excused does not amount murder but may amount to manslaughter. The defense must present their case within these parameters. Despite the similarity between the handling of murder and manslaughter cases in Hong Kong and England, there is a lack of consensus in the former’s application of Mens rea. This was evident in House of Lords A-G’s Reference (No. 3 of 1994) ([1998] AC 245). In the case, the defense resorted to provocation and diminishing responsibility. Provocation should be more clearly defined to shade more light on its use as a defense. Diminishing responsibility, on the other hand, can be entered in cases where a defendant carried out murder due to a natural abnormality in the mind. Insanity is an important, complete defense that often leads to acquittal or lesser sentencing of criminal suspects involved in a murder. Killings resulting from self-defense normally top the list of cases that are argued under complete defense. These have led many defendants to be acquitted of the murder charges they face. Other exceptional cases in which a â€Å"guilty mind† is not proved may attract complete defense.... Killings resulting from self-defence normally top the list of cases that are argued under complete defence9. These have led many defendants to be acquitted of the murder charges they face10. Other exceptional cases in which a â€Å"guilty mind† is not proved may attract complete defence:11 for example, a teacher who kills a child through corporal punishment under parental authority12. In such cases, the defence is the lack of â€Å"guilty mind,† regardless of the murder impact13. In view of this, Hong Kong’s Mens rea as defence should be repealed to weed out chances of a mind that is not guilty employing a lethal response to milder situations14. Medical practitioners can also cite double effect as defence against murder charges preferred against them for deaths caused in the line of duty15. By administering a poisonous pain reliever, for instance, the resulting patient’s death cannot be completely blamed on the doctor because the patient’s suffering may provoke such a remedy16. The law should be repealed to specify that only when the pain is chronic pain should a physician administer lethal painkillers and evade murder charges if his or her actions result in death. The law is clear on whether marital coercion can be an act of provocation or diminishing responsibility. This was witnessed in HKSAR v NANCY ANN KISSEL FACC No 2 of 2009 case, in which, the court overruled the defence on such grounds, arguing that alleged violence in marriage, and impending divorce fails to meet the test for diminishing responsibility. This test should be upheld, because some victims-turned-suspected murderers may have induced their abuse by their partner in some way17. Partial defences Murder cases are normally reduced to manslaughter through partial defence. The verdict on

Explanation of how alcohol is metabolised in a human body Essay

Explanation of how alcohol is metabolised in a human body - Essay Example Acetaldehyde is a poison that is related to formaldehyde. The acetyl acid is a component of vinegar and its radical is the combining form of the acid. The acetyl acid radical combines with Coenzyme A in the formation of acetyl-CoA that goes into the Krebs Cycle that acts as the basic powerhouse in the body of a human being. In the Krebs Cycle, the acetyl acid radical is broken down into water and carbon dioxide. The figure below shows how alcohol is metabolized in a human body When metabolizing alcohol, the human body uses three different enzymes to convert alcohol into acetaldehyde. All the three enzymes work in their different ways to strip two hydrogen atoms from the alcohol molecule. This process converts the alcohol molecule into an acetaldehyde molecule. The acetaldehyde is converted to acetyl radical by a different enzyme. The three enzymes include the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1), and catalase enzymes. The three enzymes are found in different parts of the body and handle the hydrogen atoms in different ways. Non-liver tissues, such as the brain metabolize alcohol with Cytochrome and catalase enzymes (Starr, et al., 2008, p. 103). It has been found that some people get intoxicated more than others do, for instance between men and women, East Asians and American Indians, older males, menopausal women and people with liver damage among others. The reason behind this is that women have much lesser alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach compared to men. Therefore, women get drunk more than men do when they drink the same amount of alcohol under same conditions. In terms of East Asians and American Indians, they produce ALD2*2 that is less efficient in converting acetaldehyde compared to ALD2. They also have a more efficient alcohol dehydrogenase than any other genetic background. Older males produce less alcohol dehydrogenase and are likely to be more intoxicated than younger men are. Hormone changes in menopausal women make the m become more intoxicated. Therefore, more or less intoxication can be attributed to the production of less or more alcohol dehydrogenase and ALD2*2. This factor is important in traffic accidents because a person may consume a less amount of alcohol but because his body mechanism produces less alcohol dehydrogenase, he or she will become drunk and likely cause an accident. This applies similarly to people who produce ALD2*2 that is less effective in breaking down acetaldehyde. The Breathalyzer is used in measuring the amount of alcohol found in a person’s breath. A Breathalyzer works works in a similar manner to the diabetic testing strips or pool testing kits. It contains a collection gadget; that is, a straw that is attached to a cylinder. The cylinder has two vials that have a solution of potassium dichromate, silver nitrate, sulfuric acid and water. The person being tested blows air into the straw for about 2 to 4 seconds. The air goes through the vials where the silver n itrate will act as a catalyst to initiate and fasten the process. The sulfuric acid eliminates the alcohol from the air and produces the acidic condition that enables the next process to go on. The alcohol is then absorbed into the liquid solution where the potassium dichromate breaks it down into chromium sulfate, acetic acid, water and potassium sulfate. This process causes a color change. The chromium ion is green while the dichromate ion is reddish orange. The color change reflects the amount of alc

Style of food Essay Example for Free

Style of food Essay Each country has its own unique style of food. Depending upon where you are, even food with the same ingredients will have a different taste. In a way, food has a unique charm in the sense it is able to reflect cultural and geographic differences. For example, in Asia almost all food is served with a bowl of rice, but in Western culture most of the time food in served with bread. When rice is served in America, it has a different taste different from what I was used to eating in Korea because it was grown in a different environment utilizing a different method. Keep in mind, however, each individual person has his or her own distinct classification system of judging whether specific food is good or not. This is why radical changes in food culture can occur. Nowadays, food in Asia is becoming westernized and items such hamburgers and pizzas are among Asian teenagers’ favorite foods. Now, my parents’ generation thinks food of this type is not healthy and believes they are terrible items as a diet staple. My father, for example, he needs to have a bowl of soup, at least four different kinds of dishes, and a bowl of rice for every meal including breakfast. For most my parents’ generation, this is the accepted classification system of eating a meal. Conversely, several American friends of mine think Korea’s most favorite food, â€Å"Kimchi†, literally stinks. This is ironic as when we are introduced to a new type of food, we first judge by smell, how it looks, its ingredients and, finally, by taste. Just as my friends are skeptical of trying new food, I still have trepidation towards food that I have never eaten before. My interest in food has also tied in with my interest in African Studies and I decided to eat at a restaurant called â€Å"MOYA† upon the recommendation of a Professor Lacy. Despite the fact that told me how authentic this place is, I assumed the food would not that much different from what I usually eat figuring the restaurant must be somewhat westernized in order to attract people’s tastes that are not familiar with Ethiopian food. However, my foregone conclusions were wiped away the moment I stepped into the restaurant, as there were a lot of subtle touches and I could feel the air of Ethiopian culture. Along with a strong smell of frankincense, an Ethiopian waitress came out to fit us with traditional Ethiopian clothes. My first impression of MOYA was that the restaurant had strong cultural and spiritual roots. All the tables were made out of wood with dark red color and the chairs were decorated with paintings of ancient African people. In the middle of the restaurant, there were decoration of actual bowls and pots made out of dark red clay that were used for cooking. In fact, all the colors in the restaurants were close to nature. While not fancy, the place was rather cozy. My friends and I ordered three dishes but when the food was served, I automatically thought it was an appetizer because it consisted of one big dish that was put in the middle of the table and only a few bread balls were in it. Soon after, three clay bowls were brought out and the waitress started to pour some soup out of each bowl. She told us to start eating, but there were no spoons or folks. We figured out the dishes we ordered were stew-like food, so we straightened the bread balls and dipped them into the soup in order to eat. We also realized that we had to eat with our fingers as well. The food was unexpectedly delicious and taste was surprisingly not that different from Korean food. In fact, one dish tasted just like curry. The bread balls that were served with the soup were called injera and they particularly made the Ethiopian food taste different. The meal was a departure from the norm for me since we were eating with our fingers, we were not able to take a big bite of the bread so this automatically slowed down our speed of eating and we were allowed to have a conversation while eating, which is very unusual in Korean culture. Korean people always in a hurry at the dining table because there are too many sub-dishes conversation is kept to a minimum. So, the Ethiopian dinner was another good way to unite with a group of friends and have a fun evening with a casual dinner. Since a young age, I learned how to use chopsticks and was taught as eating with your fingers is uncivilized. Therefore, it was shocking to me when I had to use my fingers to eat as it was taboo in my classification system. However, I realized that it contradicts my own ideas because I often use my fingers to eat such as when eating hamburgers, pizza, chicken wings and chicken tenders. It just appeared to be more offensive because I never had Ethiopian food before and I never knew how to eat that type of food before in my entire life. The experience at the MOYA meant a lot to me as it gave me the chance to be more mature as an anthropologist in the way it provided a vehicle for learning and understanding a different culture. Many times, the ability to learn about new cultures is rooted in investing time in new experiences. If a person spends too much time surrounded by the same environment, then there will be a tendency to look at the world through a very narrow vision or, worse, develop a mindset full of preconceived notions or stereotypes. While eating in a new restaurant may seem like a minor affair, the reality is that it can open up a huge window of the mind in terms of becoming more accepting of new people and new cultures.

Life is Calling: How Far Will You Go? :: Peace Core Essays

Life is Calling: How Far Will You Go? There are many organizations today that help great causes and one in particular that I find most imperative. The Peace Core is an organization whose foundation is set on volunteers who dedicate two years or more to a cause they find worthy of their time and energy. The amount of aid and support the Peace Core has given to numerous other countries is overwhelming. The number of countries served and how many people have benefited are just a couple of the notable statistics the Peace Core has achieved. Besides these statistics the Peace Core has something else to offer, inspiration. The Peace Core inspires. Helping others, taking a risk, going somewhere new, experiencing something hands-on are characteristics of the Peace Core that are never left unsaid. Unlike other organizations where money is donated and occasional fundraisers are held, the Peace Core offers a personal experience. The stories and memories will never be lost or forgotten like twenty dollars easily can, wh en it is handed over without distinction to some other organization. There are three websites that portray the values and influential qualities of the Peace Core and I encourage people to explore them here and discover the goals and characteristics of the Peace Core that humanize our lives. In 1961 John F. Kennedy challenged the students of the University of Michigan to live and work in a foreign developing country to help bring peace and education. The challenge that Kennedy proposed, inspired the organization known as the Peace Core to develop. The Peace Core was officially established on the first of March in 1961. Today, the Peace Core has gone global and is recognized for its accomplishments in AIDS/HIV education, technological and business development, and restoring the environment. The principle of the Peace Core is to bring world peace and friendship between countries. The Peace Core is solely made up of volunteers to further display that the Peace Core is not money oriented but goal oriented focusing on bringing education and happiness to people and countries that need it. The Peace Core is such a huge organization and is the subject of countless websites.

Border Patrol in Arizona

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What can we do to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy there were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult drug arrests in Arizona during 2006. The state of Arizona is a state of high intensity drug trafficking, which has therefore lead Arizona to be a state of great danger. The crime dealt with locals, the location of how easily accessible the border is and the networking that has become so large and causes immense crime in Arizona.What can be done to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? For those who are neighbors to the border, they are very influenced by the drugs, crime and risk their lives daily because of the positioning of their home. For most who live near the border it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a â€Å"birds eye view† and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the bordering areas. Apparently, they believe that the government should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with more privacy and more security in their neighborhoods due to high crime.Another big problem is that because these areas by the borders are so poor, locals feel pressured to become involved in these illicit activities in the drug smuggling business. The newspaper article by Eckholm demonstrates specific drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. Tribes in Sells have been feeling as though they are being put in the middle, and that security is not strong enough too protect them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined.The purpose of the article is to give readers a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in great danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. Many residents are often times afraid to leave their h omes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. Many think this is unfair due to the government’s lack of support to the locals, which would benefit them and put them in less harm and danger. â€Å"The smuggling of people and drugs across their backyards is something residents here have dealt with for decades.But, they say the killing of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few years ago – illegal border activity has gone from irritating to deadly dangerous. †(Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a suspected illegal immigrant. Most residents here say they believe the killer was a Mexican drug smuggler. â€Å"Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about the increased criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (Mc Comb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a large portion of which is open and sparsely populated, cannot be continuously monitored by border enforcement agencies and is used extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System data indicate that Arizona ranked second in the country behind Texas in the total quantity of illicit drugs seized in 2002.Arizona is a national-level distribution center for illicit drugs, largely due to its multifaceted transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and commercial trucks to smuggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers traveling aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railcars and package delivery services also are used by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs throughout Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country.Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately midway between Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the West Coast at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and western states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, North Carolina.US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. US 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to in vest in an â€Å"invisible fence† which would take up to 672 million dollars in costs to create. The Bush administration launched the project in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real fences.The system was supposed to let a small number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and decide whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at many points along the border, they are not connected to cover large expanses. Originally, the virtual fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical problems it has been changed to 2014. â€Å"Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing between vegetation and people when it was windy.Also, the satellite communication system too k too long to relay information in the field to a command center. By the time an operator moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised suspicion was gone. † (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that follow the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the creation of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it.Raab focus is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a voluntary group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the government is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they have org anized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations.Minutemen are a positive volunteer group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may affecting the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something important and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to keeping danger away is to focus less on illegal immigration and focus more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border.The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United States, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has bee n effective but the fact that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought much crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. â€Å"Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. † The Commercial Appeal.N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. † The New York Times 24 Jan. 2010: n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. â€Å"Chiricahua neighbors fearful as never before. † Arizona Daily Star 3 Apr. 2010: n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars: drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport: Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. â€Å"Dark Networks as Problems. † Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003): 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010.

Differentiate between fraud and abuse Essay

Fraud is any and all means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person. In most cases, to be considered fraudulent, an act must involve: – A false statement (oral or in writing)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ About a material fact – Knowledge that the statement was false when it was uttered (which implies an intent to deceive) – A victim relies on the statement – And suffers injury or loss as a result Abuse is to wrongly or improperly; misuse. – abuse alcohol – abuse privilege – abuse drugs – abuse authority Compare and contrast Sutherland’s theory of differential association with Cressey’s final hypothesis. What does Cressey mean by â€Å"non-shareable†? Cressey however, took his own studies in a different direction from Sutherland’s research. He was intrigued by embezzlers, whom he called â€Å"trust violators†. He was especially interested in the circumstances that led them to be overcome by temptation. Upon completion of his research, he developed what still remains as the classic model for the occupational offender. His research was published in â€Å"Other People’s Money: As Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement.† Non-shareable is a issue of concern which the individual directed affected believe that he cannot share with another person due to shame or guilt. Describe at least four proactive audit tests that could help detect a shell company scheme. †¢ Maintain and regularly update an approved vendor list †¢ Independently verify all vendors before payment †¢ Identifying shell company invoices – Lack of detail on the fraudulent invoice – Invoice that lacks detailed descriptions of the items billed – Mailing address may be an indicator of fraud – Consecutively numbered invoices over a period of time – Reviewing payables and sorting payments by vendor and invoice number †¢ Testing for shell company schemes – Investigate budget overruns and departments that regularly exceed their budget – Conduct horizontal analysis of expenses – Investigate unexplained increases in â€Å"soft† accounts – Investigate unexplained increases in quantity of items purchased †¢ Testing for shell company schemes – Monitor trends in average unit price – Investigate goods and services that would not normally be purchased – Compare vendor addresses to employee addresses – Run reports of average turnaround time for invoices to look for unusual payment patterns †¢ Verifying whether a shell company exists – Use the phone book to verify the vendor – Contact others in the industry – Conduct a site visit of the vendor †¢ Identifying the employee behind a shell company – Conduct a public records search of the company’s registration – Be alert for related names, addresses, phone numbers, Social Security numbers, and other identities. – Match vendor checks with payroll checks. – Conduct surveillance of mail drops to see who picks up the checks. Describe the five principal categories of check tampering schemes. Detail the methods used by perpetrators to affix a signature to the check. Check tampering is unique among fraudulent disbursements because it is the one group Of schemes in which the perpetrator physically prepares the fraudulent check. In most fraudulent disbursement schemes, the culprit generates a payment to himself by submitting some false document to the victim company such as an invoice or a timecard. The false document represents a claim for payment and causes the victim company to issues a check that the perpetrator then converts. These frauds essentially amount to trickery; the perpetrator fools the company into handing over its money. Check tampering schemes are fundamentally different. In these frauds the perpetrator takes physical control of a check and makes it payable to himself through one Of several methods. Check tampering schemes depend on factors such as access to the Companies check book, access to bank statements, and the ability to forge signatures or Alter other information on the face of the check. There are five principal methods used To commit check tampering: 1. Forged maker schemes 2. Forged endorsement schemes 3. Altered payee schemes 4. Concealed check schemes 5. Authorized maker schemes What internal controls can be implemented to minimize the ability to perpetrate a ghost employee scheme? Mandatory copies of employment picture I D’s and forms and a second level of inspection of them. An employment picture stapled into employment file. Quarterly justification of employment files against payroll w/ a physical inspection of any new employees file. A second level of sign off on all the need for all new employees. For example, if your company has a janitorial staff. in order to hire a new janitor, require copies of the usual I9 ID’s, be included into personal file. Have a signoff sheet for two levels of hiring authorization with clear printed and signed names, justifying the new employee. Have a picture of the new employee attached to the file (a good practice for all employment circumstances, anyway). A quarterly comparing of payroll to new employees. make sure payroll has to get the new documentation signoff sheet and sign it themselves after verifying the two previous sigs., prior to actually placing any new employee on the payroll. And that signoff sheet is then sent to an office manager†¦ who has to quarterly check against the new employee files New employee files are kept separate, until 90 days (or whatever your temp. time is) If employee is terminated prior to end of quarter, file is still held separate from other terminations until manager does quarterly check. I’ve been through a number of these, including one who hired a ghost and gave him the same name as a company vice president, just to confuse things more. Also watch out for time sheets being turned in after employee is not actually working there, but hasn’t been terminated on paper yet.

Typical Mistakes in Speech Writing

Typical Mistakes in Speech Writing The most typical mistakes in speech writing include writing long sentences, using words that are not spoken well, and underestimating the amount of time needed to present the information. The first of the typical mistakes in speech writing comes from the habit that develops during college to combine a great deal of information into little spaces – often creating long sentences attached to one-another through the words â€Å"however,† â€Å"in addition,† or â€Å"therefore.† The best thing to do is check your paper and remove all of those words, and remove the word â€Å"and† and make a second sentence out of the information that those words were connecting. The second of the typical mistakes in speech writing involves use of words that are not spoken well. While writing, read aloud the words you are using and make certain you are comfortable with speaking the words. There are a number of words that students are used to writing but are uncomfortable using in spoken conversation. Your speech (either it is informative or persuasive) should not have many difficult to pronounce words or words that will be awkward when you say them. Finally, another of the typical mistakes in speech writing is writing more than you have time to say or writing less than the time allotted. The best approach is to read your speech and time yourself, try to keep a steady pace but remember that many people will speak at a different pace in front of an audience than they do when reading to themselves. You may find that reading to a small audience will give you enough experience with the content to ensure that you have exactly the amount of words you need for your timeframe.

A brief report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A brief report - Essay Example wn by many researchers and this was evident from the literature review (Part B) that the stress management is something which needs to be managed by the individual itself. Although there are various factors that result in the creation of stress but they need to be tackled so that the side-effects of it can be avoided in future (Haider and Supriya, 2007). In order to cope with the stress, the third part of the paper will shed light on the practical implications of stress management. There are two folds in the implications; one is related to my personal implication, how I acquired this skill and the second is related to its implication in the broader world which comprises mainly of the work environment. Before starting the discussion on how I have managed to cope up with my stress problem, it is important that I briefly outline the misconception that I had in my mind. The common mistake that is found by many people is that they use depression and stress interchangeably (Ballesteros and Whitlock, n.d.) but in reality both are totally different type of mental illnesses (Gall et al., 2003). Depression is an extreme case in which the person suffering from it needs medical treatment whereas stress is something that can occur in anyone’s life in daily routine such as reaching school on time, attending the meeting, preparing for the exams, dealing with the boss and many more (Gall et al., 2003). Therefore, in order to overcome my stress level in my daily routine, I followed the tips highlighted by Dr. Jenni (2007) and Osseck et al. (2004) which helped me to develop effective techniques that I can apply whenever I feel stressed. The foremost thing is managing the stress is to identify the problem and I was aware of the fact that I used to get nervous and panic a lot in stressful situation. When I reflected on my behaviour, I realized that I had two problems i.e. lack of self-confidence which hindered my communication and presentation skills and ineffective management

Why men's basketball is better than women's basketball Essay - 1

Why men's basketball is better than women's basketball - Essay Example Basketball has from its very beginning, been a male dominated sport and this has continued to be the case to the present. While this is true, women have also come to join in the sport, with the creation of a women’s basketball league among other competitions for women. I am of the opinion that the basketball played by men is still more popular because it has a greater following. I would agree with the statement that men’s basketball is better than that of women because of several factors. Among these if the fact that women’s basketball is predictable and that women tend to be more careful and are expected to behave in a civilized manner. Women’s basketball is one of the most predictable sports today and this is because they tend to be extremely careful and cautious when playing. They tend to shy away from taking any risks and do not do as much to impress and entertain the fans as male players do. The predictability of the women’s game can be seen th rough the data available that shows that in all the years that women’s basketball has been recognized, only a handful of their teams have reached the finals. I would say that even before the game begins, the fans always know which team is going either to win or to lose.